Estudio de prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de la comuna de Puerto Montt y sus factores asociados / Frequency of diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in Puerto Montt, Chile

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of decreased visual acuity, whose prevalence has increased between 1990 and 2020. In Chile the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was estimated at 24.8%. AIM: To assess the prevalence of DR in a southern Chilean city. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a database of diabetic patients attending primary health care centers at Puerto Montt, Chile, 196 patients with DR and 392 patients without DR, matched by age and presence of chronic complications, were chosen for this case-control study. RESULTS: The prevalence of DR in the database of diabetic patients was 33.3%. glycated hemoglobin, the frequency insulin use, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria were significantly worse in cases. A multivariate analysis showed that retinopathy is much more likely to occur when the variables insulin use, neuropathy, and microalbuminuria concur. CONCLUSIONS: DR was associated with worse metabolic parameters and the presence of neuropathy in this case control study.

Predicción de sexo y de peso fetal mediante ecografía obstétrica / Prediction od fetal weight and sex by obstetric ultrasound

La ecografía obstétrica se ha posicionado como un apoyo importante al control prenatal, incluso por matronas y médicos generales que controlan pacientes en atención primaria. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de ecografía realizada por médico obstetra en el sistema público es relativamente escasa, lo que ha llevado a médicos y matronas a capacitarse en ecografía obstétrica. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la utilidad de realizar ecografías obstétricas de rutina en etapas posteriores al primer trimestre, basándose en la capacidad de predicción de peso y sexo fetales. Para ello, se revisaron 1.703 ecografías obstétricas realizadas en el Hospital de Calbuco entre los años 2005 y 2008. Los resultados muestran buena capacidad para predecir sexo fetal, no así en el caso del peso fetal, donde las diferencias entre los pesos estimados y reales superan los estándares aceptados. Estos datos nos pueden ayudar a dimensionar de mejor manera los alcances de las ecografías obstétricas que realizamos a nivel primario.

Obstetric ultrasound has emerged as an important support to prenatal care, including its use by midwives and general practitioners in primary health care. However, the availability of ultrasound performed by obstetric physician in the public health system is relatively low, which has led to the training of general doctors and midwives in obstetric ultrasound. The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of routine obstetric ultrasound after the first trimester, based on its predictability of fetal weight and sex. With this aim, 1703 obstetric ultrasounds performed in Calbuco Hospital between 2005 and 2008 were reviewed. The results show good capacity of predicting fetal sex, but not in the case of fetal weight, where the differences between estimated and actual weights exceed accepted standards. This data can help us to better dimension the scope of obstetric ultrasound performed at the primary health level.